保健品檢測實驗室、藥品檢測實驗室、食品檢測實驗室是工廠實驗室中較為常見的實驗室。產品質量的好壞直接影響到人們的健康，所以廣大消費者對食品的質量十分關注。產品檢測是一項要求高、技術性強的的工作，為了確保食品檢測工作的順利進行，產品檢測實驗室建設非常重要。

 

實驗室家具系統

對實驗室進行規劃設計，就不能不了解實驗室家具的尺寸參數和實驗臺的(de)(de)設計模式，如坐(zuo)式工(gong)作臺的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度(du)通(tong)常在(zai)750-850mm之間，如果(guo)男(nan)性實驗員(yuan)占較高(gao)(gao)比(bi)率也可(ke)考慮900mm高(gao)(gao)。站式高(gao)(gao)度(du)則在(zai)850mm-920mm之間；工(gong)作臺的(de)(de)長度(du)通(tong)常宜考慮每(mei)人1200mm(最小不應小于1000mm)，而(er)有機化學實驗臺則須考慮長一些，可(ke)取1400-1600mm。試(shi)劑架高(gao)(gao)度(du)為1200-1650mm之間；而(er)高(gao)(gao)柜可(ke)達1800-2000mm等。實驗臺的(de)(de)設計模式的(de)(de)重點是安(an)全(quan)性和方便性，有以(yi)下幾種常用的(de)(de)設計模式：

1．島型(xing)：是(shi)最(zui)常見的(de)一種模(mo)式(shi)。常使(shi)用于大(da)空(kong)間(jian)、成長方形(xing)的(de)室(shi)內形(xing)式(shi)。此(ci)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)特(te)點是(shi)人流順(shun)暢。

2．半(ban)島型(xing)：這也(ye)是一種比較(jiao)典型(xing)的應用(yong)方式，此(ci)模(mo)式適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)狹長的房間。

3．L型：L型適用于(yu)較(jiao)為窄小的房間(jian)形式。

除以上三種外，還有U型與一字(zi)型（即側邊實驗臺）布局也較(jiao)常用(yong)。

在設計化學分析實驗時，通常在實驗室中央配置從兩面都能夠操作的中央實驗臺，兩邊配置邊實驗臺、測試臺、通風柜、藥品(pin)柜、干燥柜等，根據需要配備凈化臺(tai)、恒溫恒濕設備，為了盡可能多地增(zeng)加(jia)使用空(kong)間，往往還需配備一(yi)些平(ping)面型實驗(yan)臺(tai)。

為(wei)了便于分析儀器的操作使用，分析儀器使用的特殊氣體的配管，應該盡量接近分析儀器。

在生物實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)中(zhong)，考慮從一般實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)到檢查、測試、照(zhao)相、洗(xi)相等數據處(chu)(chu)理工作流程的(de)(de)特殊要求。通常可在進口處(chu)(chu)設水池(chi)臺(tai)(tai)和干(gan)燥(zao)臺(tai)(tai)，便(bian)于實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)器(qi)皿的(de)(de)清洗(xi)。

實驗室通風系統

實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗室通(tong)風空調(diao)(diao)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設計的主要目的是為了保證(zheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗室操(cao)作人員的安全(quan)，維持實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗室適當(dang)的溫、濕(shi)度。因(yin)為實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗室通(tong)風空調(diao)(diao)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)24小時運(yun)行，且為全(quan)新(xin)風系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，所以，實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗室通(tong)風空調(diao)(diao)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的節能，也是一(yi)個重要方面(mian)。

1、選用適宜的實驗室通風(feng)柜(ju)

實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)最(zui)重要的(de)防(fang)(fang)護屏障，應選用氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流組(zu)織較(jiao)好的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)。同樣的(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)排(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量,柜(ju)內(nei)(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流組(zu)織差的(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)調節(jie)門進(jin)(jin)(jin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口面(mian)(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)不均(jun)勻，易(yi)(yi)泄(xie)漏(lou)有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)；柜(ju)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)渦(wo)流區(qu)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)柜(ju)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)濃度積聚，排(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)效果不好，對操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)安全造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)威脅。設計(ji)較(jiao)好的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)，在操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，應保證通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)調節(jie)門從關閉(bi)到最(zui)大開啟度的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，調節(jie)門進(jin)(jin)(jin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)始(shi)終(zhong)保持在0.5m/s±20%，并且面(mian)(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)均(jun)勻。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)表明，面(mian)(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)過(guo)(guo)(guo)小(xiao)，<0.3m/s，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)擾動易(yi)(yi)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)外(wai)溢，對操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)危害(hai)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)調節(jie)門進(jin)(jin)(jin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大，>0.8m/s，也易(yi)(yi)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)柜(ju)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)外(wai)溢。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)內(nei)(nei)(nei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流應均(jun)勻，減少渦(wo)流，避免有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)濃度積聚，及(ji)時排(pai)(pai)(pai)出有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)的(de)形式、規(gui)格(ge)很多，還有(you)(you)(you)一些滿足特殊要求的(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)，如防(fang)(fang)爆型等。根據實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)具(ju)體(ti)要求選用。

實驗室通風柜(ju)(ju)通常(chang)應(ying)配監控(kong)(kong)器(qi)。監控(kong)(kong)器(qi)主要(yao)功能包括1）通風柜(ju)(ju)調節(jie)門進風面(mian)風速實時(shi)顯示。2）通風柜(ju)(ju)前有人(ren)(ren)(ren)操作(zuo)、無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)操作(zuo)模式控(kong)(kong)制（無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)操作(zuo)時(shi)降低風量(liang)，按60%風量(liang)運行）。也可采(cai)用區域存(cun)在傳感器(qi)，自動探測通風柜(ju)(ju)前有無(wu)(wu)操作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員。3）緊(jin)急情況(kuang)按鈕（有試劑(ji)泄漏(lou)等緊(jin)急情況(kuang)時(shi)，加大通風柜(ju)(ju)排風量(liang)）。

2、實驗室(shi)氣流組(zu)織，送、排(pai)風控制閥設置

實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)內(nei)氣(qi)流組織(zhi)由通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)設備結(jie)構實(shi)(shi)(shi)現，通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)支管(guan)(guan)安裝(zhuang)變(bian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)閥(fa)，應(ying)保(bao)證(zheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運行(xing)狀態相適應(ying)，有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)操作時(shi)(shi),通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)調節(jie)門進風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)始終為0.5m/s±20%。無人(ren)(ren)(ren)操作時(shi)(shi)為0.3m/s。在(zai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)調節(jie)門關閉(bi)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)保(bao)證(zheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)保(bao)持適當(dang)的(de)(de)最(zui)小(xiao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang),一般(ban)為額(e)定風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)20%，通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)下部有(you)試劑(ji)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)時(shi)(shi)，試劑(ji)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約75m3/h。實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)萬(wan)向(xiang)(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)罩排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)匯總管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)定風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)閥(fa)，保(bao)證(zheng)萬(wan)向(xiang)(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)罩排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。為保(bao)證(zheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)效(xiao)果及維持室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)溫(wen)、濕度，應(ying)設置實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)小(xiao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)換(huan)氣(qi)次(ci)數，白(bai)天(tian)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)操作時(shi)(shi)8-10次(ci)/h，夜間(jian)無人(ren)(ren)(ren)操作時(shi)(shi)4-6次(ci)/h；若實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)及萬(wan)向(xiang)(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)罩最(zui)小(xiao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)小(xiao)換(huan)氣(qi)次(ci)數要求時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)增設室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)，在(zai)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)支管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)變(bian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)閥(fa)，保(bao)證(zheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)達到最(zui)低(di)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)換(huan)氣(qi)次(ci)數要求。為避免實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)流滲出(chu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，造成交叉(cha)污染(ran)。應(ying)控制(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相對走廊或辦公區為負壓。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)支管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)變(bian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)閥(fa)，控制(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)差(cha)值(zhi)始終為定值(zhi)，維持實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壓差(cha)恒定。

實驗室電路系統

溫濕度測量模塊：采用單總線數字溫濕度傳感器DHT11，測量當前環境的溫濕度，通過接口電路送到單片機的I/O口。
光照強度檢測模塊：根據光敏電阻隨光照強度的不同阻值不同的特性，設計了電路來檢測光線的強弱。
辦公室人員監測模塊：使用熱釋電人體紅外傳感器RE200B檢測辦公室的人員情況，當沒人達到六分鐘時關閉實驗室總的電源，從而達到安全、節省資源的目的。
液晶顯示模塊：使用液晶顯示器1602顯示當前的溫度值、濕度值以及溫度、濕度的上限值、下限值。
人機接口：采用獨立式鍵盤，通過I/O口把用戶的要求傳到單片機從而對溫濕度域值進行調節。體現系統得人性化特點。
模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)塊：采用繼電器模(mo)擬實驗室的(de)空調，照明等(deng)設備(bei)。通過給(gei)單片機的(de)P3.0～P3.3賦值(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)繼電器的(de)吸合，斷(duan)開，并且用發光二(er)極管來控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)設備(bei)的(de)打開，關閉(bi)。

實驗室給排水系統

實(shi)(shi)驗室排(pai)(pai)水不同(tong)于一般生活污(wu)水的(de)排(pai)(pai)放，實(shi)(shi)驗室中的(de)化學實(shi)(shi)驗所(suo)涉(she)及的(de)酸(suan)性(xing)、堿性(xing)及各種腐蝕性(xing)廢液的(de)排(pai)(pai)放回(hui)對環境(jing)造成嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)污(wu)染，因此實(shi)(shi)驗室的(de)給(gei)排(pai)(pai)水系統設置須(xu)注重(zhong)專(zhuan)業(ye)性(xing)。

實驗室(shi)(shi)內(nei)由(you)于(yu)化驗盆(pen)、洗(xi)滌盆(pen)等衛(wei)生器(qi)具和其他用(yong)水(shui)設備數量較(jiao)(jiao)多且分散，所以相(xiang)應的(de)應的(de)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)排水(shui)支管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、干(gan)(gan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也較(jiao)(jiao)多。因此實驗室(shi)(shi)內(nei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道布(bu)置時(shi)，要求管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道能相(xiang)對(dui)集(ji)中，排放整齊，使(shi)施工安裝和操作(zuo)維護方便(bian)：管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道轉變較(jiao)(jiao)少，以減(jian)少管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道內(nei)阻塞的(de)可能性；主干(gan)(gan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道盡量靠近(jin)排水(shui)量最(zui)大、雜志較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)排水(shui)點(dian)設置；截止在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道內(nei)工作(zuo)要有良(liang)好的(de)水(shui)力條(tiao)件等。

在實驗室內設置地漏，防止水管爆裂、水龍頭跑水等特(te)殊(shu)情況(kuang)發生時能夠及時排(pai)水，以免實驗室被浸泡，損壞實驗室器材。

實驗室辦公系統

工廠(chang)實(shi)驗室(shi)的辦公(gong)系統主要包(bao)括(kuo)：辦公(gong)室(shi)、通用實(shi)驗室(shi)、滅菌室(shi)、準備室(shi)、更衣室(shi)、緩沖室(shi)、無菌室(shi)、培養(yang)室(shi)等。

辦公(gong)室是檢驗工作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)辦公(gong)場所，其(qi)面積應為20㎡左右，通風采光良好，內設基本的(de)辦公(gong)桌椅、電腦。存放資料和留樣的(de)儲物柜等。

通(tong)用(yong)實(shi)(shi)驗室主要在進行微(wei)生物(wu)學(xue)實(shi)(shi)驗檢(jian)驗準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)非無菌操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)實(shi)(shi)驗時使(shi)用(yong)，也可供(gong)理化檢(jian)驗及科研工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)使(shi)用(yong)。通(tong)用(yong)實(shi)(shi)驗室應設(she)有(you)長方形工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)臺(tai)(tai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)臺(tai)(tai)，臺(tai)(tai)下設(she)計各類(lei)專用(yong)儀(yi)器柜，臺(tai)(tai)面采用(yong)不易腐蝕和(he)(he)穩固(gu)耐用(yong)的(de)材料，并設(she)置專用(yong)置物(wu)架。通(tong)用(yong)實(shi)(shi)驗室為了(le)方便實(shi)(shi)驗工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)開(kai)展(zhan)，通(tong)常配備(bei)了(le)常用(yong)的(de)儀(yi)器（分光光度計、PH計、烘(hong)箱、電爐(lu)等）及常用(yong)的(de)各種玻璃器皿(min)和(he)(he)常用(yong)的(de)各種化學(xue)試劑、藥品。

滅菌室(shi)是(shi)培養基及有關的檢驗材料滅菌的場所。滅菌設備(bei)是(shi)高(gao)壓設備(bei)，具有一定的危險性(xing)，所以(yi)滅菌室(shi)應與辦公室(shi)保持一定的距離以(yi)保證安全。

更(geng)(geng)衣室(shi)是(shi)為微(wei)生物學檢驗時進(jin)入無菌室(shi)之前的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)(yuan)更(geng)(geng)衣、洗手的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，室(shi)內設置無菌室(shi)及緩(huan)沖(chong)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電源控(kong)制開關(guan)盒防止(zhi)無菌操(cao)作時穿的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作服、鞋(xie)、帽(mao)子(zi)、口(kou)罩等。根據工(gong)(gong)廠條件，可設裝有鼓風(feng)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)型房(fang)間，其作用是(shi)減(jian)少工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)(yuan)帶入的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜菌。

緩(huan)沖室是(shi)進入無菌(jun)室之前要經過的房間，安裝有鼓風機，以(yi)減少操(cao)作人員進入無菌(jun)室時的污(wu)染(ran)，保證實驗(yan)結果的準確性(xing)。進口和出(chu)口通常呈(cheng)對角線(xian)位置，以(yi)減少空氣直接(jie)對流造成的污(wu)染(ran)。要求比(bi)較高(gao)的微(wei)生物學檢(jian)驗(yan)項目如致病菌(jun)的檢(jian)測，應設有多(duo)個(ge)緩(huan)沖室。

無(wu)菌(jun)室是(shi)微生(sheng)物學檢驗過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)無(wu)菌(jun)操作(zuo)的場(chang)所，要求密封(feng)、清潔，安裝紫(zi)外燈和(he)(he)空調設備（帶過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)設備）及傳(chuan)遞(di)物品(pin)的傳(chuan)遞(di)小窗。傳(chuan)遞(di)小窗應向緩沖(chong)室內開口以減少污染和(he)(he)方便工(gong)作(zuo)。另(ling)外，無(wu)菌(jun)室內還(huan)應配(pei)備超凈工(gong)作(zuo)臺和(he)(he)普通工(gong)作(zuo)臺，有(you)條件的工(gong)廠可設置生(sheng)物安全(quan)柜。

培養室是為衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)區學檢驗時配(pei)以(yi)微生(sheng)(sheng)物的房(fang)間，通常要(yao)配(pei)備(bei)恒溫培養箱、恒溫水浴(yu)鍋及震蕩培養箱等設(she)備(bei)，或整個房(fang)間安裝保溫、控(kong)溫設(she)備(bei)。房(fang)間要(yao)求保持(chi)清潔，有防塵、隔噪音等功能。